Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Detainees allege abuse at Kansai holding center
Welcome to Japan: Ugandan visa overstayer Moses Ssentamu says he was beaten up by a group of guards at the West Japan Immigration Center in Ibaraki City, Osaka Pref., in January. DAVID McNEILL PHOTOTHE ZEIT GIST
Guards meting out harsh treatment behind the walls of Ibaraki immigration facility, say inmates
By DAVID McNEILL
Special to The Japan Times
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
The only way to see or speak to Moses Ssentamu is through a Plexiglas window at the West Japan Immigration Center in Ibaraki City, so there is no independent way to verify his claims of physical and psychological abuse. But if true, they raise serious concerns about Japan's treatment of visa overstayers and asylum seekers.
Did a group of security guards at the center punch and kick Ssentamu in a coordinated assault in January? Are the authorities at the complex in Osaka Prefecture refusing medical treatment to another inmate, Mujahid Aziz Iqbal, a wheelchair-bound Pakistani? And, most serious of all, do detention centers here deliberately dole out harsh treatment in the hope that detainees will leave the country?
Ssentamu, 35, has been locked up here for over a year since being arrested for overstaying in 2008. Back in his homeland, he says he was active with the opposition Forum for Democratic Change Uganda, and claims to have been arrested and tortured by the authorities. Facing a trial for sedition he knew he couldn't win, he decided to flee the country, leaving behind his wife and four kids.
"It was not my decision to come here," he explains. "I didn't know anything about this country, but a sympathizer got me a visa — he said it was the easiest place to get one at that time."
Arriving on a three-month visa in May 2006, Ssentamu says that he found his way via a local Ugandan contact to Nagoya, where he slept rough and sold imported jeans around the city for a living. Friends told him the only way to stay in Japan "was to marry a Japanese woman," he recalls, and then apply for political refugee status. But on Nov. 29, 2008, before he could do either, he was picked up by the police.
Fifteen months later, he has no idea when he will get out, or if the Ministry of Justice will buy his argument that going back to Uganda could be dangerous, even fatal.
"I'm not a criminal. I want to be released and given a chance to produce evidence of my political treatment and persecution."
While the authorities process that claim, however, they have another one to ponder. On Jan. 15, Ssentamu says that he was assaulted after he mildly protested during his transportation to a hospital outside the center.
"I was being taken for a doctor's appointment and I was handcuffed by two guards," he recalls. "When I complained that my handcuffs were too tight and (asked) that the guards loosen them a little, one insisted that he could do nothing about them. Given that the entire journey to the hospital takes an hour or so, I said I couldn't endure the discomfort, so I told them I was not willing to go."
Ssentamu's guards responded angrily to the challenge, he says, shoving and pushing him back into his room, where he admits he "tried to protest" — verbally, he insists. After the guards had subdued him, they returned sometime later, he says, with "20 or more" officers, all clad in black gloves, who told him they were there to help him change rooms. As he began to prepare, the guards grabbed him and "manhandled" him out of the room.
"In no second or minute, I was in the air with showers of kicking under my back, blows on my stomach," Ssentamu later wrote in a letter sent to The Japan Times, Amnesty International and several other organizations that deal with refugee and asylum issues. "(As) all this was happening, one of the first two officers was blocking my face with the palm of his hand to prevent me from recognizing the faces of the officers who were assaulting me."
Ssentamu says he was then dumped in a "punishment room" where the officers pushed his head down a toilet bowl as they struggled to handcuff and subdue him. A guard later told him, as he lay on the floor with his "pants around his ankles," that he was being punished for refusing to go to hospital. He would spend five days in solitary confinement.
The detention center denies any such assault took place.
"That's a lie," says spokesman Norifumi Kishida. "Guards may handcuff or subdue an inmate if he is doing harm to himself or others, but there is no way that so many guards would deliberately harm an inmate."
Nearly two months after this alleged assault, Ssentamu is unable to show any visible scars, except for marks on his wrists he says were left by the tight handcuffs.
"I was not badly hurt; I was humiliated," he says.
Without proof, there remains the possibility that it is a fabrication, albeit an elaborate, detailed one that risks further worsening his relationship with the authorities or even prejudicing his asylum application.
In 2005, Japan deported two members of a seven-member Kurdish family who had been "recognized as refugees by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees under its own rules," according to a recent report by the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA). Many believe the family's decision to publicly protest and speak to the media about their treatment was a factor in the deportation decision (Zeit Gist, April 29, 2003; March 29, 2005; July 3, 2007).
The JFBA says Japan gave refugee status to just 6.5 percent of 3,292 asylum applicants from 1985 to 2005. The federation notes that while hundreds of applications from Kurds, Chinese and Africans were rejected, applicants from Myanmar were given preferred status, concluding: "It is inferred that the government have paid diplomatic consideration in the background." In other words, Japan's refugee selection process is nakedly political.
Ssentamu's lawyer, Shiro Sadakane, refused to back his client's claims of abuse, except to say that he has heard of "similar cases." Amnesty International and the Japan Association for Refugees acknowledge that they have received the Ugandan's letter. Makoto Teranaka, Amnesty Japan's secretary general, declined to comment on its specific claims, but said the secrecy surrounding Japan's detention system is a problem.
"It means we can't see what's going on inside. The detention system is much less organized than the prisons, and we've noted quite arbitrary treatment of people inside."
He says his office receives a steady stream of letters and calls from refugees alleging mistreatment in detention centers.
"The number of complaints has been growing since about 2000. It's quite common now."
Another inmate at the west Japan center, 37-year-old Mujahid Aziz Iqbal, says he has lost over 14 kg in weight and the use of his legs since last October, probably because of a psychosomatic disorder. He was convicted of selling stolen cars and faces deportation back to Pakistan. In addition to specific claims of mistreatment by some of the guards, he says the center has refused his demand for treatment and responded to his condition by offering "useless" painkillers.
"They keep saying that I have to wait my turn to go to hospital, but I need help now."
Both men admit that their ordeal would end if they simply told the Ministry of Justice that they want to return home. But for the Pakistani, who has been in Japan for 15 years and has two children to his ex-wife, leaving is not an option.
"I want to see my children. Relations with my wife are bad, but my kids love me."
Ssentamu, meanwhile, believes that the conditions inside the center, including rooms with single toilets shared by eight to 10 inmates, serve a purpose: deterrence.
"These are deliberate acts aimed at breaking down the will to seek refuge in this country." He says some inmates have been inside the center for over two years.
According to the Japan Association for Refugees, detention center inmates can apply for provisional release, but the bar is set very high. They need a Japanese guarantor and bail of ¥500,000 to ¥1 million.
"Most do not have that kind of money and they cannot find a guarantor," explains Soojin Hyung, the association's program officer. On average, therefore, Hyung says, it takes about a year to be released.
"Many people suspect that because the Japanese government is afraid to deport people in case of international criticism, they would rather detain them. It's a means of deterrence — foreigners know that if they come here without a visa, they're going to suffer. It's sending out a message: Don't come here."
Ssentamu is still in a cell by himself — punishment, he claims, for protesting and urging others to speak out. Confinement is worsened by a myriad of petty official humiliations including cold food and a lack of water to flush toilets. Is he just making life hard for himself by breaking the rules and refusing to accept his punishment?
"Civil activists the world over who fight for their rights are called troublemakers," he says from behind his Plexiglas wall. "I'm fighting for my rights."
Send comments on this issue and story ideas to community@japantimes.co.jp
Monday, March 8, 2010
Good manners for Japanese students
Universities give pointers on how to behave, separate garbage, obey law
Features Desk
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Publication Date : 05-03-2010
A growing number of universities and colleges in Japan have started providing information on good manners to their students, especially freshmen, including how to behave as they travel to and from university, how to separate garbage for disposal and recycling, and why they should not break the law.
Most of the advice might seem like common sense, but many university officials say they have had to train their students in good manners because many do not seem to have much awareness of what behaviour is considered socially acceptable.
Students at Tokyo Women's College and Junior College of Physical Education in Kunitachi, western Tokyo, are to be posted at 10 spots along the 800m-long route from JR Nishi-Kunitachi Station to their campus for a week in April to watch whether fellow students, especially freshmen, behave appropriately.
According to officials of the university, some students have been seen behaving badly in the past, such as cycling while using a cell phone or eating cup noodles while walking.
About a year ago, after receiving a number of complaints from people who live between the station and campus, the school decided to place student representatives along the route to monitor the behavior of the other students at the beginning of the academic year and other occasions.
"It's effective because the message sinks in when you receive advice from your peers," sophomore Saki Mikawa, 20, said.
Kyoto University, where in recent years some students have been arrested for cannabis possession and other crimes, holds a special lecture in April to inform students of the importance of complying with laws.
The lecture, which includes a video on the hazards of taking illegal drugs, is going to be counted for credit from the next school year.
At Kanazawa University, professor Toru Furuhata teaches freshmen such things as how to take notes and how to separate garbage in a course that addresses social and university life.
"Some students asked me why I teach such basic things," Furuhata said. "But we have received complaints about the way some students put out their trash. I want them learn such commonsense skills before going out into the real world."
A lack of good manners among university students is behind such moves.
At International Christian University in Mitaka, western Tokyo, many students do not return library books before the end of lending periods. The university decided to charge 10 yen per day as a late fee and does not allow students to graduate if they have outstanding late fees. One student owed 70,000 yen in late fees as of Tuesday (March 2), officials of the university said.
In 2008, three Kyoto Sangyo University students were found to have written their names and other messages on a column of a World Heritage-listed cathedral in Florence. The university's guidebook now tells freshmen not to litter, grafitti or use drugs.
At North Asia University in Akita, some staffers regularly walk around the campus to check if students have dyed hair or are wearing piercings, both of which the university forbids in principle.
Snowboarder Kazuhiro Kokubo, who participated in last month's Vancouver Winter Olympic Games, is a student of Tokai University. Unfortunately for the university, Kokubo became famous for wearing the Japanese Olympic uniform in a manner deemed inappropriate and for his subsequent nonchalant apology for doing so at a press conference.
The university released a statement apologising for Kokubo's actions. Though it does not have a dress code, it said it would take steps to improve the behaviour and clothing of its students via instruction from teachers or varsity sports club coaches.
Professor Motohisa Kaneko of Tokyo University, an expert in higher education and a member of the Central Council for Education, said: "Many universities are seeking ways to help students act in a more mature way. One of the reasons they have begun focusing on good manners and morality is the tight employment situation in recent years. Students who lack common sense likely will fail to find a job."
Features Desk
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Publication Date : 05-03-2010
ILLUSTRATION FROM THE YOMIURI SHIMBUN
A growing number of universities and colleges in Japan have started providing information on good manners to their students, especially freshmen, including how to behave as they travel to and from university, how to separate garbage for disposal and recycling, and why they should not break the law.
Most of the advice might seem like common sense, but many university officials say they have had to train their students in good manners because many do not seem to have much awareness of what behaviour is considered socially acceptable.
Students at Tokyo Women's College and Junior College of Physical Education in Kunitachi, western Tokyo, are to be posted at 10 spots along the 800m-long route from JR Nishi-Kunitachi Station to their campus for a week in April to watch whether fellow students, especially freshmen, behave appropriately.
According to officials of the university, some students have been seen behaving badly in the past, such as cycling while using a cell phone or eating cup noodles while walking.
About a year ago, after receiving a number of complaints from people who live between the station and campus, the school decided to place student representatives along the route to monitor the behavior of the other students at the beginning of the academic year and other occasions.
"It's effective because the message sinks in when you receive advice from your peers," sophomore Saki Mikawa, 20, said.
Kyoto University, where in recent years some students have been arrested for cannabis possession and other crimes, holds a special lecture in April to inform students of the importance of complying with laws.
The lecture, which includes a video on the hazards of taking illegal drugs, is going to be counted for credit from the next school year.
At Kanazawa University, professor Toru Furuhata teaches freshmen such things as how to take notes and how to separate garbage in a course that addresses social and university life.
"Some students asked me why I teach such basic things," Furuhata said. "But we have received complaints about the way some students put out their trash. I want them learn such commonsense skills before going out into the real world."
A lack of good manners among university students is behind such moves.
At International Christian University in Mitaka, western Tokyo, many students do not return library books before the end of lending periods. The university decided to charge 10 yen per day as a late fee and does not allow students to graduate if they have outstanding late fees. One student owed 70,000 yen in late fees as of Tuesday (March 2), officials of the university said.
In 2008, three Kyoto Sangyo University students were found to have written their names and other messages on a column of a World Heritage-listed cathedral in Florence. The university's guidebook now tells freshmen not to litter, grafitti or use drugs.
At North Asia University in Akita, some staffers regularly walk around the campus to check if students have dyed hair or are wearing piercings, both of which the university forbids in principle.
Snowboarder Kazuhiro Kokubo, who participated in last month's Vancouver Winter Olympic Games, is a student of Tokai University. Unfortunately for the university, Kokubo became famous for wearing the Japanese Olympic uniform in a manner deemed inappropriate and for his subsequent nonchalant apology for doing so at a press conference.
The university released a statement apologising for Kokubo's actions. Though it does not have a dress code, it said it would take steps to improve the behaviour and clothing of its students via instruction from teachers or varsity sports club coaches.
Professor Motohisa Kaneko of Tokyo University, an expert in higher education and a member of the Central Council for Education, said: "Many universities are seeking ways to help students act in a more mature way. One of the reasons they have begun focusing on good manners and morality is the tight employment situation in recent years. Students who lack common sense likely will fail to find a job."
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